Free 2024 AWS Certified Data Engineer Data-Engineer-Associate dumps are available on Google Drive shared by DumpsTests
Welcome to download the newest DumpsTests Data-Engineer-Associate PDF dumps: https://www.dumpstests.com/Data-Engineer-Associate-latest-test-dumps.html ( 82 Q&As)
NEW QUESTION # 35
A company uses AWS Step Functions to orchestrate a data pipeline. The pipeline consists of Amazon EMR jobs that ingest data from data sources and store the data in an Amazon S3 bucket. The pipeline also includes EMR jobs that load the data to Amazon Redshift.
The company's cloud infrastructure team manually built a Step Functions state machine. The cloud infrastructure team launched an EMR cluster into a VPC to support the EMR jobs. However, the deployed Step Functions state machine is not able to run the EMR jobs.
Which combination of steps should the company take to identify the reason the Step Functions state machine is not able to run the EMR jobs? (Choose two.)
- A. Verify that the Step Functions state machine code has all IAM permissions that are necessary to create and run the EMR jobs. Verify that the Step Functions state machine code also includes IAM permissions to access the Amazon S3 buckets that the EMR jobs use. Use Access Analyzer for S3 to check the S3 access properties.
- B. Query the flow logs for the VPC. Determine whether the traffic that originates from the EMR cluster can successfully reach the data providers. Determine whether any security group that might be attached to the Amazon EMR cluster allows connections to the data source servers on the informed ports.
- C. Use AWS CloudFormation to automate the Step Functions state machine deployment. Create a step to pause the state machine during the EMR jobs that fail. Configure the step to wait for a human user to send approval through an email message. Include details of the EMR task in the email message for further analysis.
- D. Check the retry scenarios that the company configured for the EMR jobs. Increase the number of seconds in the interval between each EMR task. Validate that each fallback state has the appropriate catch for each decision state. Configure an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic to store the error messages.
- E. Check for entries in Amazon CloudWatch for the newly created EMR cluster. Change the AWS Step Functions state machine code to use Amazon EMR on EKS. Change the IAM access policies and the security group configuration for the Step Functions state machine code to reflect inclusion of Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS).
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
To identify the reason why the Step Functions state machine is not able to run the EMR jobs, the company should take the following steps:
Verify that the Step Functions state machine code has all IAM permissions that are necessary to create and run the EMR jobs. The state machine code should have an IAM role that allows it to invoke the EMR APIs, such as RunJobFlow, AddJobFlowSteps, and DescribeStep. The state machine code should also have IAM permissions to access the Amazon S3 buckets that the EMR jobs use as input and output locations. The company can use Access Analyzer for S3 to check the access policies and permissions of the S3 buckets12. Therefore, option B is correct.
Query the flow logs for the VPC. The flow logs can provide information about the network traffic to and from the EMR cluster that is launched in the VPC. The company can use the flow logs to determine whether the traffic that originates from the EMR cluster can successfully reach the data providers, such as Amazon RDS, Amazon Redshift, or other external sources. The company can also determine whether any security group that might be attached to the EMR cluster allows connections to the data source servers on the informed ports. The company can use Amazon VPC Flow Logs or Amazon CloudWatch Logs Insights to query the flow logs3 . Therefore, option D is correct.
Option A is incorrect because it suggests using AWS CloudFormation to automate the Step Functions state machine deployment. While this is a good practice to ensure consistency and repeatability of the deployment, it does not help to identify the reasonwhy the state machine is not able to run the EMR jobs. Moreover, creating a step to pause the state machine during the EMR jobs that fail and wait for a human user to send approval through an email message is not a reliable way to troubleshoot the issue. The company should use the Step Functions console or API to monitor the execution history and status of the state machine, and use Amazon CloudWatch to view the logs and metrics of the EMR jobs .
Option C is incorrect because it suggests changing the AWS Step Functions state machine code to use Amazon EMR on EKS. Amazon EMR on EKS is a service that allows you to run EMR jobs on Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) clusters. While this service has some benefits, such as lower cost and faster execution time, it does not support all the features and integrations that EMR on EC2 does, such as EMR Notebooks, EMR Studio, and EMRFS. Therefore, changing the state machine code to use EMR on EKS may not be compatible with the existing data pipeline and may introduce new issues.
Option E is incorrect because it suggests checking the retry scenarios that the company configured for the EMR jobs. While this is a good practice to handle transient failures and errors, it does not help to identify the root cause of why the state machine is not able to run the EMR jobs. Moreover, increasing the number of seconds in the interval between each EMR task may not improve the success rate of the jobs, and may increase the execution time and cost of the state machine. Configuring an Amazon SNS topic to store the error messages may help to notify the company of any failures, but it does not provide enough information to troubleshoot the issue.
References:
1: Manage an Amazon EMR Job - AWS Step Functions
2: Access Analyzer for S3 - Amazon Simple Storage Service
3: Working with Amazon EMR and VPC Flow Logs - Amazon EMR
[4]: Analyzing VPC Flow Logs with Amazon CloudWatch Logs Insights - Amazon Virtual Private Cloud
[5]: Monitor AWS Step Functions - AWS Step Functions
[6]: Monitor Amazon EMR clusters - Amazon EMR
[7]: Amazon EMR on Amazon EKS - Amazon EMR
NEW QUESTION # 36
A company has a frontend ReactJS website that uses Amazon API Gateway to invoke REST APIs. The APIs perform the functionality of the website. A data engineer needs to write a Python script that can be occasionally invoked through API Gateway. The code must return results to API Gateway.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
- A. Deploy a custom Python script on an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster.
- B. Deploy a custom Python script that can integrate with API Gateway on Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS).
- C. Create an AWS Lambda Python function with provisioned concurrency.
- D. Create an AWS Lambda function. Ensure that the function is warm byscheduling an Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke the Lambda function every 5 minutes by usingmock events.
Answer: C
Explanation:
AWS Lambda is a serverless compute service that lets you run code without provisioning or managing servers.
You can use Lambda to create functions that perform custom logic and integrate with other AWS services, such as API Gateway. Lambda automatically scales your application by running code in response to each trigger. You pay only for the compute time you consume1.
Amazon ECS is a fully managed container orchestration service that allows you to run and scale containerized applications on AWS. You can use ECS to deploy, manage, and scale Docker containers using either Amazon EC2 instances or AWS Fargate, a serverless compute engine for containers2.
Amazon EKS is a fully managed Kubernetes service that allows you to run Kubernetes clusters on AWS without needing to install, operate, or maintain your own Kubernetes control plane. You can use EKS to deploy, manage, and scale containerized applications using Kubernetes on AWS3.
The solution that meets the requirements with the least operational overhead is to create an AWS Lambda Python function with provisioned concurrency. This solution has the following advantages:
It does not require you to provision, manage, or scale any servers or clusters, as Lambda handles all the infrastructure for you. This reduces the operational complexity and cost of running your code.
It allows you to write your Python script as a Lambda function and integrate it with API Gateway using a simple configuration. API Gateway can invoke your Lambda function synchronously or asynchronously, and return the results to the frontend website.
It ensures that your Lambda function is ready to respond to API requests without any cold start delays, by using provisioned concurrency. Provisioned concurrency is a feature that keeps your function initialized and hyper-ready to respond in double-digit milliseconds. You can specify the number of concurrent executions that you want to provision for your function.
Option A is incorrect because it requires you to deploy a custom Python script on an Amazon ECS cluster.
This solution has the following disadvantages:
It requires you to provision, manage, and scale your own ECS cluster, either using EC2 instances or Fargate. This increases the operational complexity and cost of running your code.
It requires you to package your Python script as a Docker container image and store it in a container registry, such as Amazon ECR or Docker Hub. This adds an extra step to your deployment process.
It requires you to configure your ECS cluster to integrate with API Gateway, either using an Application Load Balancer or a Network Load Balancer. This adds another layer of complexity to your architecture.
Option C is incorrect because it requires you to deploy a custom Python script that can integrate with API Gateway on Amazon EKS. This solution has the following disadvantages:
It requires you to provision, manage, and scale your own EKS cluster, either using EC2 instances or Fargate. This increases the operational complexity and cost of running your code.
It requires you to package your Python script as a Docker container image and store it in a container registry, such as Amazon ECR or Docker Hub. This adds an extra step to your deployment process.
It requires you to configure your EKS cluster to integrate with API Gateway, either using an Application Load Balancer, a Network Load Balancer, or a service of type LoadBalancer. This adds another layer of complexity to your architecture.
Option D is incorrect because it requires you to create an AWS Lambda function and ensure that the function is warm by scheduling an Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke the Lambda function every 5 minutes by using mock events. This solution has the following disadvantages:
It does not guarantee that your Lambda function will always be warm, as Lambda may scale down your function if it does not receive any requests for a long period of time. This may cause cold start delays when your function is invoked by API Gateway.
It incurs unnecessary costs, as you pay for the compute time of your Lambda function every time it is invoked by the EventBridge rule, even if it does not perform any useful work1.
References:
1: AWS Lambda - Features
2: Amazon Elastic Container Service - Features
3: Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service - Features
[4]: Building API Gateway REST API with Lambda integration - Amazon API Gateway
[5]: Improving latency with Provisioned Concurrency - AWS Lambda
[6]: Integrating Amazon ECS with Amazon API Gateway - Amazon Elastic Container Service
[7]: Integrating Amazon EKS with Amazon API Gateway - Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service
[8]: Managing concurrency for a Lambda function - AWS Lambda
NEW QUESTION # 37
A company uses an Amazon QuickSight dashboard to monitor usage of one of the company's applications.
The company uses AWS Glue jobs to process data for the dashboard. The company stores the data in a single Amazon S3 bucket. The company adds new data every day.
A data engineer discovers that dashboard queries are becoming slower over time. The data engineer determines that the root cause of the slowing queries is long-running AWS Glue jobs.
Which actions should the data engineer take to improve the performance of the AWS Glue jobs? (Choose two.)
- A. Partition the data that is in the S3 bucket. Organize the data by year, month, and day.
- B. Convert the AWS Glue schema to the DynamicFrame schema class.
- C. Increase the AWS Glue instance size by scaling up the worker type.
- D. Modify the 1AM role that grants access to AWS glue to grant access to all S3 features.
- E. Adjust AWS Glue job scheduling frequency so the jobs run half as many times each day.
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
Partitioning the data in the S3 bucket can improve the performance of AWS Glue jobs by reducing the amount of data that needs to be scanned and processed. By organizingthe data by year, month, and day, the AWS Glue job can use partition pruning to filter out irrelevant data and only read the data that matches the query criteria.
This can speed up the data processing and reduce the cost of running the AWS Glue job. Increasing the AWS Glue instance size by scaling up the worker type can also improve the performance of AWS Glue jobs by providing more memory and CPU resources for the Spark execution engine. This can help the AWS Glue job handle larger data sets and complex transformations more efficiently. The other options are either incorrect or irrelevant, as they do not affect the performance of the AWS Glue jobs. Converting the AWS Glue schema to the DynamicFrame schema class does not improve the performance, but rather provides additional functionality and flexibility for data manipulation. Adjusting the AWS Glue job scheduling frequency does not improve the performance, but rather reduces the frequency of data updates. Modifying the IAM role that grants access to AWS Glue does not improve the performance, but rather affects the security and permissions of the AWS Glue service. References:
Optimising Glue Scripts for Efficient Data Processing: Part 1 (Section: Partitioning Data in S3) Best practices to optimize cost and performance for AWS Glue streaming ETL jobs (Section:
Development tools)
Monitoring with AWS Glue job run insights (Section: Requirements)
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide (Chapter 5, page 133)
NEW QUESTION # 38
A company has multiple applications that use datasets that are stored in an Amazon S3 bucket. The company has an ecommerce application that generates a dataset that contains personally identifiable information (PII).
The company has an internal analytics application that does not require access to the PII.
To comply with regulations, the company must not share PII unnecessarily. A data engineer needs to implement a solution that with redact PII dynamically, based on the needs of each application that accesses the dataset.
Which solution will meet the requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
- A. Create an S3 Object Lambda endpoint. Use the S3 Object Lambda endpoint to read data from the S3 bucket. Implement redaction logic within an S3 Object Lambda function to dynamically redact PII based on the needs of each application that accesses the data.
- B. Create an API Gateway endpoint that has custom authorizers. Use the API Gateway endpoint to read data from the S3 bucket. Initiate a REST API call to dynamically redact PII based on the needs of each application that accesses the data.
- C. Use AWS Glue to transform the data for each application. Create multiple copies of the dataset. Give each dataset copy the appropriate level of redaction for the needs of the application that accesses the copy.
- D. Create an S3 bucket policy to limit the access each application has. Create multiple copies of the dataset.
Give each dataset copy the appropriate level of redaction for the needs of the application that accesses the copy.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Option B is the best solution to meet the requirements with the least operational overhead because S3 Object Lambda is a feature that allows you to add your own code to process data retrieved from S3 before returning it to an application. S3 Object Lambda works with S3 GET requests and can modify both the object metadata and the object data. By using S3 Object Lambda, you can implement redaction logic within an S3 Object Lambda function to dynamically redact PII based on the needs of each application that accesses the data. This way, you can avoid creating and maintaining multiple copies of the dataset with different levels of redaction.
Option A is not a good solution because it involves creating and managing multiple copies of the dataset with different levels of redaction for each application. This option adds complexity and storage cost to the data protection process and requires additional resources and configuration. Moreover, S3 bucket policies cannot enforce fine-grained data access control at the row and column level, so they are not sufficient to redact PII.
Option C is not a good solution because it involves using AWS Glue to transform the data for each application. AWS Glue is a fully managed service that can extract, transform, and load (ETL) data from various sources to various destinations, including S3. AWS Glue can also convert data to different formats, such as Parquet, which is a columnar storage format that is optimized for analytics. However, in this scenario, using AWS Glue to redact PII is not the best option because it requires creating and maintaining multiple copies of the dataset with different levels of redaction for each application. This option also adds extra time and cost to the data protection process and requires additional resources and configuration.
Option D is not a good solution because it involves creating and configuring an API Gateway endpoint that has custom authorizers. API Gateway is a service that allows youto create, publish, maintain, monitor, and secure APIs at any scale. API Gateway can also integrate with other AWS services, such as Lambda, to provide custom logic for processing requests. However, in this scenario, using API Gateway to redact PII is not the best option because it requires writing and maintaining custom code and configuration for the API endpoint, the custom authorizers, and the REST API call. This option also adds complexity and latency to the data protection process and requires additional resources and configuration.
References:
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide
Introducing Amazon S3 Object Lambda - Use Your Code to Process Data as It Is Being Retrieved from S3 Using Bucket Policies and User Policies - Amazon Simple Storage Service AWS Glue Documentation What is Amazon API Gateway? - Amazon API Gateway
NEW QUESTION # 39
A company loads transaction data for each day into Amazon Redshift tables at the end of each day. The company wants to have the ability to track which tables have been loaded and which tables still need to be loaded.
A data engineer wants to store the load statuses of Redshift tables in an Amazon DynamoDB table. The data engineer creates an AWS Lambda function to publish the details of the load statuses to DynamoDB.
How should the data engineer invoke the Lambda function to write load statuses to the DynamoDB table?
- A. Use the Amazon Redshift Data API to publish a message to an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue. Configure the SQS queue to invoke the Lambda function.
- B. Use a second Lambda function to invoke the first Lambda function based on AWS CloudTrail events.
- C. Use the Amazon Redshift Data API to publish an event to Amazon EventBridqe. Configure an EventBridge rule to invoke the Lambda function.
- D. Use a second Lambda function to invoke the first Lambda function based on Amazon CloudWatch events.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The Amazon Redshift Data API enables you to interact with your Amazon Redshift data warehouse in an easy and secure way. You can use the Data API to run SQL commands, such as loading data into tables, without requiring a persistent connection to the cluster. The Data API also integrates with Amazon EventBridge, which allows you to monitor the execution status of your SQL commands and trigger actions based on events. By using the Data API to publish an event to EventBridge, the data engineer can invoke the Lambda function that writes the load statuses to the DynamoDB table. This solution is scalable, reliable, and cost-effective. The other options are either not possible or not optimal. You cannot use a second Lambda function to invoke the first Lambda function based on CloudWatch or CloudTrail events, as these services do not capture the load status of Redshift tables. You can use the Data API to publish a message to an SQS queue, but this would require additional configuration and polling logic to invoke the Lambda function from the queue. This would also introduce additional latency and cost. References:
Using the Amazon Redshift Data API
Using Amazon EventBridge with Amazon Redshift
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide, Chapter 2: Data Store Management, Section 2.2: Amazon Redshift
NEW QUESTION # 40
A data engineer maintains custom Python scripts that perform a data formatting process that many AWS Lambda functions use. When the data engineer needs to modify the Python scripts, the data engineer must manually update all the Lambda functions.
The data engineer requires a less manual way to update the Lambda functions.
Which solution will meet this requirement?
- A. Store a pointer to the custom Python scripts in environment variables in a shared Amazon S3 bucket.
- B. Assign the same alias to each Lambda function. Call reach Lambda function by specifying the function's alias.
- C. Store a pointer to the custom Python scripts in the execution context object in a shared Amazon S3 bucket.
- D. Package the custom Python scripts into Lambda layers. Apply the Lambda layers to the Lambda functions.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Lambda layers are a way to share code and dependencies across multiple Lambda functions. By packaging the custom Python scripts into Lambda layers, the data engineer can update the scripts in one place and have them automatically applied to all the Lambda functions that use the layer. This reduces the manual effort and ensures consistency across the Lambda functions. The other options are either not feasible or not efficient.
Storing a pointer to the custom Python scripts in the execution context object or in environment variables would require the Lambda functions to download the scripts from Amazon S3 every time they are invoked, which would increase latency and cost. Assigning the same alias to each Lambda function would not help with updating the Python scripts, as the alias only points to a specific version of the Lambda function code.
References:
AWS Lambda layers
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide, Chapter 3: Data Ingestion and Transformation, Section 3.4: AWS Lambda
NEW QUESTION # 41
A data engineering team is using an Amazon Redshift data warehouse for operational reporting. The team wants to prevent performance issues that might result from long- running queries. A data engineer must choose a system table in Amazon Redshift to record anomalies when a query optimizer identifies conditions that might indicate performance issues.
Which table views should the data engineer use to meet this requirement?
- A. STL ALERT EVENT LOG
- B. STL QUERY METRICS
- C. STL USAGE CONTROL
- D. STL PLAN INFO
Answer: A
Explanation:
The STL ALERT EVENT LOG table view records anomalies when the query optimizer identifies conditions that might indicate performance issues. These conditions include skewed data distribution, missing statistics, nested loop joins, and broadcasted data. The STL ALERT EVENT LOG table view can help the data engineer to identify and troubleshoot the root causes of performance issues and optimize the query execution plan. The other table views are not relevant for this requirement. STL USAGE CONTROL records the usage limits and quotas for Amazon Redshift resources. STL QUERY METRICS records the execution time and resource consumption of queries. STL PLAN INFO records the query execution plan and the steps involved in each query. References:
STL ALERT EVENT LOG
System Tables and Views
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide
NEW QUESTION # 42
A company created an extract, transform, and load (ETL) data pipeline in AWS Glue. A data engineer must crawl a table that is in Microsoft SQL Server. The data engineer needs to extract, transform, and load the output of the crawl to an Amazon S3 bucket. The data engineer also must orchestrate the data pipeline.
Which AWS service or feature will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
- A. AWS Glue workflows
- B. AWS Step Functions
- C. Amazon Managed Workflows for Apache Airflow (Amazon MWAA)
- D. AWS Glue Studio
Answer: A
Explanation:
AWS Glue workflows are a cost-effective way to orchestrate complex ETL jobs that involve multiple crawlers, jobs, and triggers. AWS Glue workflows allow you to visually monitor the progress and dependencies of your ETL tasks, and automatically handle errors and retries. AWS Glue workflows also integrate with other AWS services, such as Amazon S3, Amazon Redshift, and AWS Lambda, among others, enabling you to leverage these services for your data processing workflows. AWS Glue workflows are serverless, meaning you only pay for the resources you use, and you don't have to manage any infrastructure.
AWS Step Functions, AWS Glue Studio, and Amazon MWAA are also possible options for orchestrating ETL pipelines, but they have some drawbacks compared to AWS Glue workflows. AWS Step Functions is a serverless function orchestrator that can handle different types of data processing, such as real-time, batch, and stream processing. However, AWS Step Functions requires you to write code to define your state machines, which can be complex and error-prone. AWS Step Functions also charges you for every state transition, which can add up quickly for large-scale ETL pipelines.
AWS Glue Studio is a graphical interface that allows you to create and run AWS Glue ETL jobs without writing code. AWS Glue Studio simplifies the process of building, debugging, and monitoring your ETL jobs, and provides a range of pre-built transformations and connectors. However, AWS Glue Studio does not support workflows, meaning you cannot orchestrate multiple ETL jobs or crawlers with dependencies and triggers. AWS Glue Studio also does not support streaming data sources or targets, which limits its use cases for real-time data processing.
Amazon MWAA is a fully managed service that makes it easy to run open-source versions of Apache Airflow on AWS and build workflows to run your ETL jobs and data pipelines. Amazon MWAA provides a familiar and flexible environment for data engineers who are familiar with Apache Airflow, and integrates with a range of AWS services such as Amazon EMR, AWS Glue, and AWS Step Functions. However, Amazon MWAA is not serverless, meaning you have to provision and pay for the resources you need, regardless of your usage.
Amazon MWAA also requires you to write code to define your DAGs, which can be challenging and time-consuming for complex ETL pipelines. References:
AWS Glue Workflows
AWS Step Functions
AWS Glue Studio
Amazon MWAA
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide
NEW QUESTION # 43
A financial services company stores financial data in Amazon Redshift. A data engineer wants to run real-time queries on the financial data to support a web-based trading application. The data engineer wants to run the queries from within the trading application.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
- A. Establish WebSocket connections to Amazon Redshift.
- B. Store frequently accessed data in Amazon S3. Use Amazon S3 Select to run the queries.
- C. Use the Amazon Redshift Data API.
- D. Set up Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) connections to Amazon Redshift.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The Amazon Redshift Data API is a built-in feature that allows you to run SQL queries on Amazon Redshift data with web services-based applications, such as AWS Lambda, Amazon SageMaker notebooks, and AWS Cloud9. The Data API does not require a persistent connection to your database, and it provides a secure HTTP endpoint and integration with AWS SDKs. You can use the endpoint to run SQL statements without managing connections. The Data API also supports both Amazon Redshift provisioned clusters and Redshift Serverless workgroups. The Data API is the best solution for running real-time queries on the financial data from within the trading application, as it has the least operational overhead compared to the other options.
Option A is not the best solution, as establishing WebSocket connections to Amazon Redshift would require more configuration and maintenance than using the Data API. WebSocket connections are also not supported by Amazon Redshift clusters or serverless workgroups.
Option C is not the best solution, as setting up JDBC connections to Amazon Redshift would also require more configuration and maintenance than using the Data API. JDBC connections are also not supported by Redshift Serverless workgroups.
Option D is not the best solution, as storing frequently accessed data in Amazon S3 and using Amazon S3 Select to run the queries would introduce additional latency and complexity than using the Data API. Amazon S3 Select is also not optimized for real-time queries, as it scans the entire object before returning the results.
References:
Using the Amazon Redshift Data API
Calling the Data API
Amazon Redshift Data API Reference
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide
NEW QUESTION # 44
A company uses Amazon Athena to run SQL queries for extract, transform, and load (ETL) tasks by using Create Table As Select (CTAS). The company must use Apache Spark instead of SQL to generate analytics.
Which solution will give the company the ability to use Spark to access Athena?
- A. Athena query settings
- B. Athena workgroup
- C. Athena query editor
- D. Athena data source
Answer: D
Explanation:
Athena data source is a solution that allows you to use Spark to access Athena by using the Athena JDBC driver and the Spark SQL interface. You can use the Athena data source to create Spark DataFrames from Athena tables, run SQL queries on the DataFrames, and write the results back to Athena. The Athena data source supports various data formats, such as CSV, JSON, ORC, and Parquet, and also supports partitioned and bucketed tables. The Athena data source is a cost-effective and scalable way to use Spark to access Athena, as it does not require any additional infrastructure or services, and you only pay for the data scanned by Athena.
The other options are not solutions that give the company the ability to use Spark to access Athena. Option A, Athena query settings, is a feature that allows you to configure various parameters for your Athena queries, such as the output location, the encryption settings, the query timeout, and the workgroup. Option B, Athena workgroup, is a feature that allows you to isolate and manage your Athena queries and resources, such as the query history, the query notifications, the query concurrency, and the query cost. Option D, Athena query editor, is a feature that allows you to write and run SQL queries on Athena using the web console or the API.
None of these options enable you to use Spark instead of SQL to generate analytics on Athena. References:
Using Apache Spark in Amazon Athena
Athena JDBC Driver
Spark SQL
Athena query settings
[Athena workgroups]
[Athena query editor]
NEW QUESTION # 45
A manufacturing company wants to collect data from sensors. A data engineer needs to implement a solution that ingests sensor data in near real time.
The solution must store the data to a persistent data store. The solution must store the data in nested JSON format. The company must have the ability to query from the data store with a latency of less than 10 milliseconds.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
- A. Use AWS Lambda to process the sensor data. Store the data in Amazon S3 for querying.
- B. Use a self-hosted Apache Kafka cluster to capture the sensor data. Store the data in Amazon S3 for querying.
- C. Use Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to capture the sensor data. Store the data in Amazon DynamoDB for querying.
- D. Use Amazon Simple Queue Service(Amazon SQS) to buffer incomingsensor data. Use AWS Glue to store thedata in Amazon RDS for querying.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Amazon Kinesis Data Streams is a service that enables you to collect, process, and analyze streaming data in real time. You can use Kinesis Data Streams to capture sensor data from various sources, such as IoT devices, web applications, or mobile apps. You can create data streams that can scale up to handle any amount of data from thousands of producers. You can also use the Kinesis Client Library (KCL) or the Kinesis Data Streams API to write applications that process and analyze the data in the streams1.
Amazon DynamoDB is a fully managed NoSQL database service that provides fast and predictable performance with seamless scalability. You can use DynamoDB to store the sensor data in nested JSON format, as DynamoDB supports document data types, such as lists and maps. You can also use DynamoDB to query the data with a latency of less than 10 milliseconds, as DynamoDB offers single-digit millisecond performance for any scale of data. You can use the DynamoDB API or the AWS SDKs to perform queries on the data, such as using key-value lookups, scans, or queries2.
The solution that meets the requirements with the least operational overhead is to use Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to capture the sensor data and store the data in Amazon DynamoDB for querying. This solution has the following advantages:
It does not require you to provision, manage, or scale any servers, clusters, or queues, as Kinesis Data Streams and DynamoDB are fully managed services that handle all the infrastructure for you. This reduces the operational complexity and cost of running your solution.
It allows you to ingest sensor data in near real time, as Kinesis Data Streams can capture data records as they are produced and deliver them to your applications within seconds. You can also use Kinesis Data Firehose to load the data from the streams to DynamoDB automatically and continuously3.
It allows you to store the data in nested JSON format, as DynamoDB supports document data types, such as lists and maps. You can also use DynamoDB Streams to capturechanges in the data and trigger actions, such as sending notifications or updating other databases.
It allows you to query the data with a latency of less than 10 milliseconds, as DynamoDB offers single-digit millisecond performance for any scale of data. You can also use DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) to improve the read performance by caching frequently accessed data.
Option A is incorrect because it suggests using a self-hosted Apache Kafka cluster to capture the sensor data and store the data in Amazon S3 for querying. This solution has the following disadvantages:
It requires you to provision, manage, and scale your own Kafka cluster, either on EC2 instances or on-premises servers. This increases the operational complexity and cost of running your solution.
It does not allow you to query the data with a latency of less than 10 milliseconds, as Amazon S3 is an object storage service that is not optimized for low-latency queries. You need to use another service, such as Amazon Athena or Amazon Redshift Spectrum, to query the data in S3, which may incur additional costs and latency.
Option B is incorrect because it suggests using AWS Lambda to process the sensor data and store the data in Amazon S3 for querying. This solution has the following disadvantages:
It does not allow you to ingest sensor data in near real time, as Lambda is a serverless compute service that runs code in response to events. You need to use another service, such as API Gateway or Kinesis Data Streams, to trigger Lambda functions with sensor data, which may add extra latency and complexity to your solution.
It does not allow you to query the data with a latency of less than 10 milliseconds, as Amazon S3 is an object storage service that is not optimized for low-latency queries. You need to use another service, such as Amazon Athena or Amazon Redshift Spectrum, to query the data in S3, which may incur additional costs and latency.
Option D is incorrect because it suggests using Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) to buffer incoming sensor data and use AWS Glue to store the data in Amazon RDS for querying. This solution has the following disadvantages:
It does not allow you to ingest sensor data in near real time, as Amazon SQS is a message queue service that delivers messages in a best-effort manner. You need to use another service, such as Lambda or EC2, to poll the messages from the queue and process them, which may add extra latency and complexity to your solution.
It does not allow you to store the data in nested JSON format, as Amazon RDS is a relational database service that supports structured data types, such as tables and columns. You need to use another service, such as AWS Glue, to transform the data from JSON to relational format, which may add extra cost and overhead to your solution.
References:
1: Amazon Kinesis Data Streams - Features
2: Amazon DynamoDB - Features
3: Loading Streaming Data into Amazon DynamoDB - Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose
[4]: Capturing Table Activity with DynamoDB Streams - Amazon DynamoDB
[5]: Amazon DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) - Features
[6]: Amazon S3 - Features
[7]: AWS Lambda - Features
[8]: Amazon Simple Queue Service - Features
[9]: Amazon Relational Database Service - Features
[10]: Working with JSON in Amazon RDS - Amazon Relational Database Service
[11]: AWS Glue - Features
NEW QUESTION # 46
A company maintains multiple extract, transform, and load (ETL) workflows that ingest data from the company's operational databases into an Amazon S3 based data lake. The ETL workflows use AWS Glue and Amazon EMR to process data.
The company wants to improve the existing architecture to provide automated orchestration and to require minimal manual effort.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
- A. Amazon Managed Workflows for Apache Airflow (Amazon MWAA) workflows
- B. AWS Lambda functions
- C. AWS Glue workflows
- D. AWS Step Functions tasks
Answer: C
Explanation:
AWS Glue workflows are a feature of AWS Glue that enable you to create and visualize complex ETL pipelines using AWS Glue components, such as crawlers, jobs, triggers, anddevelopment endpoints. AWS Glue workflows provide automated orchestration and require minimal manual effort, as they handle dependency resolution, error handling, state management, and resource allocation for your ETL workflows.
You can use AWS Glue workflows to ingest data from your operational databases into your Amazon S3 based data lake, and then use AWS Glue and Amazon EMR to process the data in the data lake. This solution will meet the requirements with the least operational overhead, as it leverages the serverless and fully managed nature of AWS Glue, and the scalability and flexibility of Amazon EMR12.
The other options are not optimal for the following reasons:
B: AWS Step Functions tasks. AWS Step Functions is a service that lets you coordinate multiple AWS services into serverless workflows. You can use AWS Step Functions tasks to invoke AWS Glue and Amazon EMR jobs as part of your ETL workflows, and use AWS Step Functions state machines to define the logic and flow of your workflows. However, this option would require more manual effort than AWS Glue workflows, as you would need to write JSON code to define your state machines, handle errors and retries, and monitor the execution history and status of your workflows3.
C: AWS Lambda functions. AWS Lambda is a service that lets you run code without provisioning or managing servers. You can use AWS Lambda functions to trigger AWS Glue and Amazon EMR jobs as part of your ETL workflows, and use AWS Lambda event sources and destinations to orchestrate the flow of your workflows. However, this option would also require more manual effort than AWS Glue workflows, as you would need to write code to implement your business logic, handle errors and retries, and monitor the invocation and execution of your Lambda functions. Moreover, AWS Lambda functions have limitations on the execution time, memory, and concurrency, which may affect the performance and scalability of your ETL workflows.
D: Amazon Managed Workflows for Apache Airflow (Amazon MWAA) workflows. Amazon MWAA is a managed service that makes it easy to run open source Apache Airflow on AWS. Apache Airflow is a popular tool for creating and managing complex ETL pipelines using directed acyclic graphs (DAGs).
You can use Amazon MWAA workflows to orchestrate AWS Glue and Amazon EMR jobs as part of your ETL workflows, and use the Airflow web interface to visualize and monitor your workflows.
However, this option would have more operational overhead than AWS Glue workflows, as you would need to set up and configure your Amazon MWAA environment, write Python code to define your DAGs, and manage the dependencies and versions of your Airflow plugins and operators.
References:
1: AWS Glue Workflows
2: AWS Glue and Amazon EMR
3: AWS Step Functions
4: AWS Lambda
5: Amazon Managed Workflows for Apache Airflow
NEW QUESTION # 47
A company is planning to use a provisioned Amazon EMR cluster that runs Apache Spark jobs to perform big data analysis. The company requires high reliability. A big data team must follow best practices for running cost-optimized and long-running workloads on Amazon EMR. The team must find a solution that will maintain the company's current level of performance.
Which combination of resources will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively? (Choose two.)
- A. Use Spot Instances for all primary nodes.
- B. Use Graviton instances for core nodes and task nodes.
- C. Use x86-based instances for core nodes and task nodes.
- D. Use Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) as a persistent data store.
- E. Use Amazon S3 as a persistent data store.
Answer: B,E
Explanation:
The best combination of resources to meet the requirements of high reliability, cost-optimization, and performance for running Apache Spark jobs on Amazon EMR is to use Amazon S3 as a persistent data store and Graviton instances for core nodes and task nodes.
Amazon S3 is a highly durable, scalable, and secure object storage service that can store any amount of data for a variety of use cases, including big data analytics1. Amazon S3 is a better choice than HDFS as a persistent data store for Amazon EMR, as it decouples the storage from the compute layer, allowing for more flexibility and cost-efficiency. Amazon S3 also supports data encryption, versioning, lifecycle management, and cross-region replication1. Amazon EMR integrates seamlessly with Amazon S3, using EMR File System (EMRFS) to access data stored in Amazon S3 buckets2. EMRFS also supports consistent view, which enables Amazon EMR to provide read-after-write consistency for Amazon S3 objects that are accessed through EMRFS2.
Graviton instances are powered by Arm-based AWS Graviton2 processors that deliver up to 40% better price performance over comparable current generation x86-based instances3. Graviton instances are ideal for running workloads that are CPU-bound, memory-bound, or network-bound, such as big data analytics, web servers, and open-source databases3. Graviton instances are compatible with Amazon EMR, and can beused for both core nodes and task nodes. Core nodes are responsible for running the data processing frameworks, such as Apache Spark, and storing data in HDFS or the local file system. Task nodes are optional nodes that can be added to a cluster to increase the processing power and throughput. By using Graviton instances for both core nodes and task nodes, you can achieve higher performance and lower cost than using x86-based instances.
Using Spot Instances for all primary nodes is not a good option, as it can compromise the reliability and availability of the cluster. Spot Instances are spare EC2 instances that are available at up to 90% discount compared to On-Demand prices, but they can be interrupted by EC2 with a two-minute notice when EC2 needs the capacity back. Primary nodes are the nodes that run the cluster software, such as Hadoop, Spark, Hive, and Hue, and are essential for the cluster operation. If a primary node is interrupted by EC2, the cluster will fail or become unstable. Therefore, it is recommended to use On-Demand Instances or Reserved Instances for primary nodes, and use Spot Instances only for task nodes that can tolerate interruptions. References:
Amazon S3 - Cloud Object Storage
EMR File System (EMRFS)
AWS Graviton2 Processor-Powered Amazon EC2 Instances
[Plan and Configure EC2 Instances]
[Amazon EC2 Spot Instances]
[Best Practices for Amazon EMR]
NEW QUESTION # 48
A company's data engineer needs to optimize the performance of table SQL queries. The company stores data in an Amazon Redshift cluster. The data engineer cannot increase the size of the cluster because of budget constraints.
The company stores the data in multiple tables and loads the data by using the EVEN distribution style. Some tables are hundreds of gigabytes in size. Other tables are less than 10 MB in size.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
- A. Use the ALL distribution style for large tables. Specify primary and foreign keys for all tables.
- B. Use the ALL distribution style for rarely updated small tables. Specify primary and foreign keys for all tables.
- C. Keep using the EVEN distribution style for all tables. Specify primary and foreign keys for all tables.
- D. Specify a combination of distribution, sort, and partition keys for all tables.
Answer: B
Explanation:
This solution meets the requirements of optimizing the performance of table SQL queries without increasing the size of the cluster. By using the ALL distribution style for rarely updated small tables, you can ensure that the entire table is copied to every node in the cluster, which eliminates the need for data redistribution during joins. This can improve query performance significantly, especially for frequently joined dimension tables.
However, using the ALL distribution style also increases the storage space and the load time, so it is only suitable for small tables that are not updated frequently orextensively. By specifying primary and foreign keys for all tables, you can help the query optimizer to generate better query plans and avoid unnecessary scans or joins. You can also use the AUTO distribution style to let Amazon Redshift choose the optimal distribution style based on the table size and the query patterns. References:
Choose the best distribution style
Distribution styles
Working with data distribution styles
NEW QUESTION # 49
A data engineer has a one-time task to read data from objects that are in Apache Parquet format in an Amazon S3 bucket. The data engineer needs to query only one column of the data.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
- A. Run an AWS Glue crawler on the S3 objects. Use a SQL SELECT statement in Amazon Athena to query the required column.
- B. Confiqure an AWS Lambda function to load data from the S3 bucket into a pandas dataframe- Write a SQL SELECT statement on the dataframe to query the required column.
- C. Use S3 Select to write a SQL SELECT statement to retrieve the required column from the S3 objects.
- D. Prepare an AWS Glue DataBrew project to consume the S3 objects and to query the required column.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Option B is the best solution to meet the requirements with the least operational overhead because S3 Select is a feature that allows you to retrieve only a subset of data from an S3 object by using simple SQL expressions.
S3 Select works on objects stored in CSV, JSON, or Parquet format. By using S3 Select, you can avoid the need to download and process the entire S3 object, which reduces the amount of data transferred and the computation time. S3 Select is also easy to use and does not require any additional services or resources.
Option A is not a good solution because it involves writing custom code and configuring an AWS Lambda function to load data from the S3 bucket into a pandas dataframe and query the required column. This option adds complexity and latency to the data retrieval process and requires additional resources and configuration.Moreover, AWS Lambda has limitations on the execution time, memory, and concurrency, which may affect the performance and reliability of the data retrieval process.
Option C is not a good solution because it involves creating and running an AWS Glue DataBrew project to consume the S3 objects and query the required column. AWS Glue DataBrew is a visual data preparation tool that allows you to clean, normalize, and transform data without writing code. However, in this scenario, the data is already in Parquet format, which is a columnar storage format that is optimized for analytics.
Therefore, there is no need to use AWS Glue DataBrew to prepare the data. Moreover, AWS Glue DataBrew adds extra time and cost to the data retrieval process and requires additional resources and configuration.
Option D is not a good solution because it involves running an AWS Glue crawler on the S3 objects and using a SQL SELECT statement in Amazon Athena to query the required column. An AWS Glue crawler is a service that can scan data sources and create metadata tables in the AWS Glue Data Catalog. The Data Catalog is a central repository that stores information about the data sources, such as schema, format, and location.
Amazon Athena is a serverless interactive query service that allows you to analyze data in S3 using standard SQL. However, in this scenario, the schema and format of the data are already known and fixed, so there is no need to run a crawler to discover them. Moreover, running a crawler and using Amazon Athena adds extra time and cost to the data retrieval process and requires additional services and configuration.
References:
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide
S3 Select and Glacier Select - Amazon Simple Storage Service
AWS Lambda - FAQs
What Is AWS Glue DataBrew? - AWS Glue DataBrew
Populating the AWS Glue Data Catalog - AWS Glue
What is Amazon Athena? - Amazon Athena
NEW QUESTION # 50
A data engineer needs to use an Amazon QuickSight dashboard that is based on Amazon Athena queries on data that is stored in an Amazon S3 bucket. When the data engineer connects to the QuickSight dashboard, the data engineer receives an error message that indicates insufficient permissions.
Which factors could cause to the permissions-related errors? (Choose two.)
- A. QuickSiqht does not have access to the S3 bucket.
- B. There is no 1AM role assigned to QuickSiqht.
- C. QuickSight does not have access to decrypt S3 data.
- D. The Athena tables are not cataloged.
- E. There is no connection between QuickSgqht and Athena.
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
QuickSight does not have access to the S3 bucket and QuickSight does not have access to decrypt S3 data are two possible factors that could cause the permissions-related errors. Amazon QuickSight is a business intelligence service that allows you to create and share interactive dashboards based on various data sources, including Amazon Athena. Amazon Athena is a serverless query service that allows you to analyze data stored in Amazon S3 using standard SQL. To use an Amazon QuickSight dashboard that is based on Amazon Athena queries on data that is stored in an Amazon S3 bucket, you need to grant QuickSight access to both Athena and S3, as well as any encryption keys that are used to encrypt the S3 data. If QuickSight does not have access to the S3 bucket or the encryption keys, it will not be able to read the data from Athena and display it on the dashboard, resulting in an error message that indicates insufficient permissions.
The other options are not factors that could cause the permissions-related errors. Option A, there is no connection between QuickSight and Athena, is not a factor, as QuickSight supports Athena as a native data source, and you can easily create a connection between them using the QuickSight console or the API. Option B, the Athena tables are not cataloged, is not a factor, as QuickSight can automatically discover the Athena tables that are cataloged in the AWS Glue Data Catalog, and you can also manually specify the Athena tables that are not cataloged. Option E, there is no IAM role assigned to QuickSight, is not a factor, as QuickSight requires an IAM role to access any AWS data sources, including Athena and S3, and you can create and assign an IAM role to QuickSight using the QuickSight console or the API. References:
Using Amazon Athena as a Data Source
Granting Amazon QuickSight Access to AWS Resources
Encrypting Data at Rest in Amazon S3
NEW QUESTION # 51
A company is building an analytics solution. The solution uses Amazon S3 for data lake storage and Amazon Redshift for a data warehouse. The company wants to use Amazon Redshift Spectrum to query the data that is in Amazon S3.
Which actions will provide the FASTEST queries? (Choose two.)
- A. Partition the data based on the most common query predicates.
- B. Use a columnar storage file format.
- C. Use file formats that are not
- D. Split the data into files that are less than 10 KB.
- E. Use gzip compression to compress individual files to sizes that are between 1 GB and 5 GB.
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
Amazon Redshift Spectrum is a feature that allows you to run SQL queries directly against data in Amazon S3, without loading or transforming the data. Redshift Spectrum can query various data formats, such as CSV, JSON, ORC, Avro, and Parquet. However, not all data formats are equally efficient for querying. Some data formats, such as CSV and JSON, are row-oriented, meaning that they store data as a sequence of records, each with the same fields. Row-oriented formats are suitable for loading and exporting data, but they are not optimal for analytical queries that often access only a subset ofcolumns. Row-oriented formats also do not support compression or encoding techniques that can reduce the data size and improve the query performance.
On the other hand, some data formats, such as ORC and Parquet, are column-oriented, meaning that they store data as a collection of columns, each with a specific data type. Column-oriented formats are ideal for analytical queries that often filter, aggregate, or join data by columns. Column-oriented formats also support compression and encoding techniques that can reduce the data size and improve the query performance. For example, Parquet supports dictionary encoding, which replaces repeated values with numeric codes, and run-length encoding, which replaces consecutive identical values with a single value and a count. Parquet also supports various compression algorithms, such as Snappy, GZIP, and ZSTD, that can further reduce the data size and improve the query performance.
Therefore, using a columnar storage file format, such as Parquet, will provide faster queries, as it allows Redshift Spectrum to scan only the relevant columns and skip the rest, reducing the amount of data read from S3. Additionally, partitioning the data based on the most common query predicates, such as date, time, region, etc., will provide faster queries, as it allows Redshift Spectrum to prune the partitions that do not match the query criteria, reducing the amount of data scanned from S3. Partitioning also improves the performance of joins and aggregations, as it reduces data skew and shuffling.
The other options are not as effective as using a columnar storage file format and partitioning the data. Using gzip compression to compress individual files to sizes that are between 1 GB and 5 GB will reduce the data size, but it will not improve the query performance significantly, as gzip is not a splittable compression algorithm and requires decompression before reading. Splitting the data into files that are less than 10 KB will increase the number of files and the metadata overhead, which will degrade the query performance. Using file formats that are not supported by Redshift Spectrum, such as XML, will not work, as Redshift Spectrum will not be able to read or parse the data. References:
Amazon Redshift Spectrum
Choosing the Right Data Format
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide, Chapter 4: Data Lakes and Data Warehouses, Section 4.3: Amazon Redshift Spectrum
NEW QUESTION # 52
A company wants to implement real-time analytics capabilities. The company wants to use Amazon Kinesis Data Streams and Amazon Redshift to ingest and process streaming data at the rate of several gigabytes per second. The company wants to derive near real-time insights by using existing business intelligence (BI) and analytics tools.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
- A. Connect Kinesis Data Streams to Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose. Use Kinesis Data Firehose to stage the data in Amazon S3. Use the COPY command to load the data from Amazon S3 to a table in Amazon Redshift.
- B. Access the data from Kinesis Data Streams by using SQL queries. Create materialized views directly on top of the stream. Refresh the materialized views regularly to query the most recent stream data.
- C. Create an external schema in Amazon Redshift to map the data from Kinesis Data Streams to an Amazon Redshift object. Create a materialized view to read data from the stream. Set the materialized view to auto refresh.
- D. Use Kinesis Data Streams to stage data in Amazon S3. Use the COPY command to load data from Amazon S3 directly into Amazon Redshift to make the data immediately available for real-time analysis.
Answer: C
Explanation:
This solution meets the requirements of implementing real-time analytics capabilities with the least operational overhead. By creating an external schema in Amazon Redshift, you can access the data from Kinesis Data Streams using SQL queries without having to load the data into the cluster. By creating a materialized view on top of the stream, you can store the results of the query in the cluster and make them available for analysis. By setting the materialized view to auto refresh, you can ensure that the view is updated with the latest data from the stream at regular intervals. This way, you can derive near real-time insights by using existing BI and analytics tools. References:
Amazon Redshift streaming ingestion
Creating an external schema for Amazon Kinesis Data Streams
Creating a materialized view for Amazon Kinesis Data Streams
NEW QUESTION # 53
......
Tested Material Used To Data-Engineer-Associate: https://www.dumpstests.com/Data-Engineer-Associate-latest-test-dumps.html
Following are some new Data-Engineer-Associate Real Exam Questions!: https://drive.google.com/open?id=11-CDLXN0fVQuBE0_hRVTLtRwfCok8UDP