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NEW QUESTION # 28
Which of the following is the most complete method for Dependabot to find vulnerabilities in third-party dependencies?
- A. A dependency graph is created, and Dependabot compares the graph to the GitHub Advisorydatabase
- B. Dependabot reviews manifest files in the repository
- C. CodeQL analyzes the code and raises vulnerabilities in third-party dependencies
- D. The build tool finds the vulnerable dependencies and calls the Dependabot API
Answer: A
Explanation:
Dependabot builds a dependency graph by analyzing package manifests and lockfiles in your repository. This graph includes both direct and transitive dependencies. It then compares this graph against the GitHub Advisory Database, which includes curated, security-reviewed advisories.
This method provides a comprehensive and automated way to discover all known vulnerabilities across your dependency tree.
NEW QUESTION # 29
Which of the following information can be found in a repository's Security tab?
- A. Number of alerts per GHAS feature
- B. Access management
- C. GHAS settings
- D. Two-factor authentication (2FA) options
Answer: A
Explanation:
TheSecurity tabin a GitHub repository provides a central location for viewing security-related information, especially when GitHub Advanced Security is enabled. The following can be accessed:
* Number ofalertsrelated to:
* Code scanning
* Secret scanning
* Dependency (Dependabot) alerts
* Summary and visibility into open, closed, and dismissed security issues.
It doesnotshow 2FA options, access control settings, or configuration panels for GHAS itself. Those belong to account or organization-level settings.
NEW QUESTION # 30
Which syntax in a query suite tells CodeQL to look for one or more specified .ql files?
- A. qls
- B. query
- C. qlpack
Answer: B
Explanation:
In aquery suite(a .qls file), the **query** key is used to specify the paths to one or more .ql files that should be included in the suite.
Example:
- query: path/to/query.ql
* qls is the file format.
* qlpack is used for packaging queries, not in suite syntax.
NEW QUESTION # 31
Why should you dismiss a code scanning alert?
- A. If you fix the code that triggered the alert
- B. If there is a production error in your code
- C. To prevent developers from introducing new problems
- D. If it includes an error in code that is used only for testing
Answer: D
Explanation:
You shoulddismissa code scanning alert if the flagged code isnot a true security concern, such as:
* Code in test files
* Code paths that are unreachable or safe by design
* False positives from the scanner
Fixing the code would automaticallyresolvethe alert - not dismiss it. Dismissing is for valid exceptions or noise reduction.
NEW QUESTION # 32
Which CodeQL query suite provides queries of lower severity than the default query suite?
- A. github/codeql/cpp/ql/src@main
- B. security-extended
- C. github/codeql-go/ql/src@main
Answer: B
Explanation:
Thesecurity-extendedquery suite includes additional CodeQL queries that detectlower severity issuesthan those in the default security-and-quality suite.
It's often used when projects want broader visibility into code hygiene and potential weak spots beyond critical vulnerabilities.
The other options listed arepaths to language packs, not query suites themselves.
NEW QUESTION # 33
What filter or sort settings can be used to prioritize the secret scanning alerts that present the most risk?
- A. Sort to display the newest first
- B. Select only the custom patterns
- C. Filter to display active secrets
- D. Sort to display the oldest first
Answer: C
Explanation:
The best way toprioritizesecret scanning alerts is tofilter by active secrets- these are secrets GitHub has confirmed are still valid and could be exploited. This allows security teams to focus on high-risk exposures that require immediate attention.
Sorting by time or filtering by custom patterns won't help with risk prioritization directly.
NEW QUESTION # 34
Which key is required in the update settings of the Dependabot configuration file?
- A. assignees
- B. rebase-strategy
- C. commit-message
- D. package-ecosystem
Answer: D
Explanation:
In a dependabot.yml configuration file,package-ecosystemis arequired key. It defines the package manager being used in that update configuration (e.g., npm, pip, maven, etc.).
Without this key, Dependabot cannot determine how to analyze or update dependencies. Other keys like rebase-strategy or commit-message are optional and used for customizing behavior.
NEW QUESTION # 35
Assuming that no custom Dependabot behavior is configured, who has the ability to merge a pull request created via Dependabot security updates?
- A. An enterprise administrator
- B. A user who has write access to the repository
- C. A user who has read access to the repository
- D. A repository member of an enterprise organization
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
By default, users with write access to a repository have the ability to merge pull requests, including those created by Dependabot for security updates. This access level allows contributors to manage and integrate changes, ensuring that vulnerabilities are addressed promptly.
Users with only read access cannot merge pull requests, and enterprise administrators do not automatically have merge rights unless they have write or higher permissions on the specific repository.
NEW QUESTION # 36
Where in the repository can you give additional users access to secret scanning alerts?
- A. Secrets
- B. Security
- C. Settings
- D. Insights
Answer: C
Explanation:
To grant specific users access toview and manage secret scanning alerts, you do this via theSettingstab of the repository. From there, under the"Code security and analysis"section, you can add individuals or teams with roles such assecurity manager.
The Security tab only displays alerts; access control is handled in Settings.
NEW QUESTION # 37
What role is required to change a repository's code scanning severity threshold that fails a pull request status check?
- A. Triage
- B. Maintain
- C. Write
- D. Admin
Answer: D
Explanation:
To change the threshold that defines whether a pull request fails due to code scanning alerts (such as blocking merges based on severity), the user must haveAdminaccess on the repository. This is because modifying these settings falls under repository configuration privileges.
Users with Write, Maintain, or Triage roles do not have the required access to modify rulesets or status check policies.
NEW QUESTION # 38
As a developer with write access, you navigate to a code scanning alert in your repository. When will GitHub close this alert?
- A. After you fix the code by committing within the pull request
- B. After you triage the pull request containing the alert
- C. After you find the code and click the alert within the pull request
- D. When you use data-flow analysis to find potential security issues in code
Answer: A
Explanation:
GitHub automatically closes a code scanning alert when the vulnerable code is fixedin the same branch where the alert was generated, usually via acommit inside a pull request. Simply clicking or triaging an alert does not resolve it. The alert is re-evaluated after each push to the branch, and if the issue no longer exists, it is marked as resolved.
NEW QUESTION # 39
Which of the following workflow events would trigger a dependency review? (Each answer presents a complete solution. Choose two.)
- A. pull_request
- B. commit
- C. workflow_dispatch
- D. trigger
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
Dependency review is triggered by specific events in GitHub workflows:
pull_request: When a pull request is opened, synchronized, or reopened, GitHub can analyze the changes in dependencies and provide a dependency review.
workflow_dispatch: This manual trigger allows users to initiate workflows, including those that perform dependency reviews.
The trigger and commit options are not recognized GitHub Actions events and would not initiate a dependency review.
NEW QUESTION # 40
Which of the following formats are used to describe a Dependabot alert? (Each answer presents a complete solution. Choose two.)
- A. Vulnerability Exploitability exchange (VEX)
- B. Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE)
- C. Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE)
- D. Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
Dependabot alerts utilize standardized identifiers to describe vulnerabilities:
* CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures):A widely recognized identifier for publicly known cybersecurity vulnerabilities.
* CWE (Common Weakness Enumeration):A category system for software weaknesses and vulnerabilities.
These identifiers help developers understand the nature of the vulnerabilities and facilitate the search for more information or remediation strategies.
NEW QUESTION # 41
Secret scanning will scan:
- A. Any Git repository.
- B. The GitHub repository.
- C. External services.
- D. A continuous integration system.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Secret scanning is a feature provided by GitHub that scans the contents of your GitHub repositories for known types of secrets, such as API keys and tokens. It operates within the GitHub environment and does not scan external systems, services, or repositories outside of GitHub. Its primary function is to prevent the accidental exposure of sensitive information within your GitHub-hosted code.
NEW QUESTION # 42
A dependency has a known vulnerability. What does the warning message include?
- A. A brief description of the vulnerability
- B. How many projects use these components
- C. The security impact of these changes
- D. An easily understandable visualization of dependency change
Answer: A
Explanation:
When a vulnerability is detected, GitHub shows a warning that includes abrief description of the vulnerability. This typically covers the name of the CVE (if available), a short summary of the issue, severity level, and potential impact. The message also links to additional advisory data from the GitHub Advisory Database.
This helps developers understand the context and urgency of the vulnerability before applying the fix.
NEW QUESTION # 43
Assuming that notification settings and Dependabot alert recipients have not been customized, which user account setting should you use to get an alert when a vulnerability is detected in one of your repositories?
- A. Enable all in existing repositories
- B. Enable all for Dependabot alerts
- C. Enable by default for new public repositories
- D. Enable all for Dependency graph
Answer: B
Explanation:
To ensure you're notified whenever a vulnerability is detected via Dependabot, you mustenablealerts for Dependabotin your personal notification settings. This applies to both new and existing repositories. It ensures you get timely alerts about security vulnerabilities.
The dependency graph must be enabled for scanning, but does not send alerts itself.
NEW QUESTION # 44
When using CodeQL, how does extraction for compiled languages work?
- A. By monitoring the normal build process
- B. By generating one language at a time
- C. By resolving dependencies to give an accurate representation of the codebase
- D. By running directly on the source code
Answer: A
Explanation:
For compiled languages, CodeQL performs extraction bymonitoring the normal build process. This means it watches your usual build commands (like make, javac, or dotnet build) and extracts the relevant data from the actual build steps being executed. CodeQL uses this information to construct a semantic database of the application.
This approach ensures that CodeQL captures a precise, real-world representation of the code and its behavior as it is compiled, including platform-specific configurations or conditional logic used during build.
NEW QUESTION # 45
Which of the following statements best describes secret scanning push protection?
- A. Secret scanning alerts must be closed before a branch can be merged into the repository.
- B. Buttons for sensitive actions in the GitHub UI are disabled.
- C. Users need to reply to a 2FA challenge before any push events.
- D. Commits that contain secrets are blocked before code is added to the repository.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
Secret scanning push protection is a proactive feature that scans for secrets in your code during the push process. If a secret is detected, the push is blocked, preventing the secret from being added to the repository.
This helps prevent accidental exposure of sensitive information.
GitHub Docs
NEW QUESTION # 46
Which of the following benefits do code scanning, secret scanning, and dependency review provide?
- A. Search for potential security vulnerabilities, detect secrets, and show the full impact of changes to dependencies
- B. Confidentially report security vulnerabilities and privately discuss and fix security vulnerabilities in your repository's code
- C. View alerts about dependencies that are known to contain security vulnerabilities
- D. Automatically raise pull requests, which reduces your exposure to older versions of dependencies
Answer: A
Explanation:
These three features provide a complete layer of defense:
* Code scanningidentifies security flaws in your source code
* Secret scanningdetects exposed credentials
* Dependency reviewshows the impact of package changes during a pull request Together, they give developers actionable insight into risk and coverage throughout the SDLC.
NEW QUESTION # 47
Which of the following tasks can be performed by a security team as a proactive measure to help address secret scanning alerts? (Each answer presents a complete solution. Choose two.)
- A. Dismiss alerts that are older than 90 days.
- B. Document alternatives to storing secrets in the source code.
- C. Configure a webhook to monitor for secret scanning alert events.
- D. Enable system for cross-domain identity management (SCIM) provisioning for the enterprise.
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
To proactively address secret scanning:
* Webhookscan be configured to listen for secret scanning events. This allows automation, logging, or alerting in real-time when secrets are detected.
* Documenting secure development practices(like using environment variables or secret managers) helps reduce the likelihood of developers committing secrets in the first place.
Dismissal based on age is not a best practice without triage. SCIM deals with user provisioning, not scanning alerts.
NEW QUESTION # 48
What does code scanning do?
- A. It prevents code pushes with vulnerabilities as a pre-receive hook
- B. It contacts maintainers to ask them to create security advisories if a vulnerability is found
- C. It analyzes a GitHub repository to find security vulnerabilities
- D. It scans your entire Git history on branches present in your GitHub repository for any secrets
Answer: C
Explanation:
Code scanningis a static analysis feature that examines your source code to identifysecurityvulnerabilities andcoding errors. It runs either on every push, pull request, or a scheduled time depending on the workflow configuration.
It doesnotautomatically contact maintainers, scan full Git history, or block pushes unless explicitly configured to do so.
NEW QUESTION # 49
When does Dependabot alert you of a vulnerability in your software development process?
- A. As soon as a vulnerable dependency is detected
- B. As soon as a pull request is opened by a contributor
- C. When a pull request adding a vulnerable dependency is opened
- D. When Dependabot opens a pull request to update a vulnerable dependency
Answer: A
Explanation:
Dependabot alerts are generated as soon as GitHub detects a known vulnerability in one of your dependencies. GitHub does this by analyzing your repository's dependency graph and matching it against vulnerabilities listed in the GitHub Advisory Database. Once a match is found, the system raises an alert automatically without waiting for a PR or manual action.
This allows organizations to proactively mitigate vulnerabilities as early as possible, based on real-time detection.
NEW QUESTION # 50
You are a maintainer of a repository and Dependabot notifies you of a vulnerability. Where could the vulnerability have been disclosed? (Each answer presents part of the solution. Choose two.)
- A. In the National Vulnerability Database
- B. In security advisories reported on GitHub
- C. In the dependency graph
- D. In manifest and lock files
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
Dependabot alerts are generated based on data from various sources:
National Vulnerability Database (NVD): A comprehensive repository of known vulnerabilities, which GitHub integrates into its advisory database.
GitHub Docs
Security Advisories Reported on GitHub: GitHub allows maintainers and security researchers to report and discuss vulnerabilities, which are then included in the advisory database.
The dependency graph and manifest/lock files are tools used by GitHub to determine which dependencies are present in a repository but are not sources of vulnerability disclosures themselves.
NEW QUESTION # 51
As a contributor, you discovered a vulnerability in a repository. Where should you look for the instructions on how to report the vulnerability?
- A. readme.md
- B. security.md
- C. support.md
- D. contributing.md
Answer: B
Explanation:
The correct place to look is the SECURITY.md file. This file provides contributors and security researchers with instructions on how to responsibly report vulnerabilities. It may include contact methods, preferred communication channels (e.g., security team email), and disclosure guidelines.
This file is considered a GitHub best practice and, when present, activates a "Report a vulnerability" button in the repository'sSecuritytab.
NEW QUESTION # 52
What happens when you enable secret scanning on a private repository?
- A. Your team is subscribed to security alerts.
- B. GitHub performs a read-only analysis on the repository.
- C. Repository administrators can view Dependabot alerts.
- D. Dependency review, secret scanning, and code scanning are enabled.
Answer: B
Explanation:
When secret scanning is enabled on a private repository,GitHub performs a read-only analysisof the repository's contents. This includes the entire Git history and files to identify strings that match known secret patterns or custom-defined patterns.
GitHub does not alter the repository, and enabling secret scanningdoes not automatically enablecode scanning or dependency review - each must be configured separately.
NEW QUESTION # 53
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